Discrete Filter Notes (PDF 36p)
The objective of this section will be to show how to use the first- and second-order filters to achieve higher order filters. We shall also introduce a general, second-order stage called the biquad.
Discrete Filter Notes (PDF 30p)
The other approach uses a ladder configuration and is presented in this section. Both approaches are used to design successful higher-order active filters. The cascade approach is easier to design and tune but does not have the insensitivity to component variation found in the ladder approach.
Fundamental IC Noise paper (PDF)
Most people find the subject of noise mysterious, and there is, under- standably, much confusion about it. Although the fundamental physical concepts behind noise are simple. much of this simplicity is often obscured by the mathematics invoked to compute expressions for the noise.
Communication Systems and Technology Lecture Notes
Notes on Communication Systems and Technology.
LM311 Voltage Comparator (PDF)
The LM111, LM211 and LM311 are voltage comparators that have input currents nearly a thousand times lower than devices like the LM106 or LM710. They are also designed to operate over a wider range of supply voltages: from standard �15V op amp supplies down to the single 5V supply used for IC logic.
A DIODE CIRCUIT WITH A FREE-WHEELING DIODE
The circuit shown above differs from the circuit described in the previous page, which had only one diode, labelled D1. This circuit has another diode, marked D2 in the circuit shown above. This diode is called the free-wheeling diode. The circuit operation is described next. The explanation is based on the assumption that the reader knows how the circuit without a free-wheeling diode operates.
A SINGLE DIODE CIRCUIT
This page describes a single diode circuit. Most of the power electronic applications operate at a relative high voltage and in such cases, the voltage drop across the power diode tends to be small. It is quite often justifiable to use the ideal diode model. An ideal diode has zero conduction drop when it is forward-biased and has zero current when it is reverse-biased. The explanation and the analysis presented below is based on the ideal diode model.
SIMPLE DIODE CIRCUITS
SIMPLE DIODE CIRCUITS NOTES.
Diode Circuits Tutorial (PDF 25p)
Initially both semiconductors are totally neutral. The concentration of positive and negative carriers are quite different on opposite sides of the junction and the thermal energy-powered diffusion of positive carriers into the N-type material and negative carriers into the P-type material occurs. The N-type material acquires an excess of positive charge near the junction and the P-type material acquires an excess of negative charge.
Introduction to Digital Audio Signal Processing
Introduction to Digital Audio Signal Processing..
Electromagnetic Communication Lecture Notes - Free eBook Electromagnetic Communication Lecture Notes - Download ebook Electromagnetic Communication Lecture Notes free
|